The Treaty of Versailles Effect Essay - 1490 Words

The Treaty of Versailles Effect The Era of the World Wars was a terrible time in both American and European History. It started with World War I between the Allies Powers and the Central Powers. The major powers that made up the Allies were the Unites States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and France. The major powers that made up the Central Powers were Germany and Austria-Hungary. The end of the First World War resulted in the Allies winning, after the four long years of battle. When the war ended, the Allies formed a group called the League of Nations. They were the ones who formally call off the war between the groups. In this organization, it had been decided that there was to be special punishments to Germany, who was named as†¦show more content†¦This was because of the party’s building of a strong reputation through doing kind and selfless activities for the people of Germany (â€Å"Adolf Hitler†). Besides doing widely known charitable acts, the Nazis also grew a strong reputat ion with the influential people of Germany. In order to grow more popular the National Socialist German Workers Party had to get the support of other groups who were also influential at the time in Germany. In 1930 The Nationalist German Workers Party had gained the support of many wealthy individuals and the entire military order members. By 1933 the Nazis had even gotten closer and had made connections with the President of Germany, who at the time was Paul von Hindenburg. This led to Hitler receiving titles such as the Personal Commander of the Army, Supreme War Lord, and later Chancellor of Germany (â€Å"Adolf Hitler†). While Hitler was gaining titles and prestige, he also had to make sure that the party he had worked so hard to build would not fall down, under any circumstances. Hitler did not stop when the National Socialist German Workers Party fell, but instead kept it from going under. He then by using his own merit brought it back up on top. The Nazis had grown very strong and popular in Munich, Germany, but then they decided to infiltrate the Munich government, which in hindsight was not a very smart idea. They had been discussing the plans when they were overheard in a public beer hall in Munich. This resulted in Hitler going to jailShow MoreRelatedEffects Of The Treaty Of Versailles2242 Words   |  9 Pagesdevastation from the effects of World War I. These effects which would have unprecedented effect on the development on European nations into modern nations. However, the immediate impact of the policies and treaties created by the â€Å"Big Four† (Great Britain, Italy, France and The United States) would leave devastating irreversible consequences on the Great War’s losers. The most important treaty that the allies would make would be The Treaty of Versailles, signed on June 28th, 1919. This treaty would have theRead MoreThe Treaty Of Versailles And Its Effect On The World1711 Words   |  7 Pages The Treaty of Versailles The role of a treaty is to serve as the compromise between parties involved in a particular debacle when they must decide on a solution that will ensure that said debacle does not result once more. If the treaty does not fulfill its necessary duties, it is considered ineffective. The Treaty of Versailles, while it was just in holding Germany accountable, was too harsh on the defeated powers and created unnecessary economic turmoil in Germany and most of Europe by imposingRead MoreEssay about The Treaty of Versailles and Its Effects715 Words   |  3 PagesThe Treaty of Versailles and Its Effects In 1914 the First World War was started. Sadly it cost millions of lives. In 1918 the war ended leaving many countries in debt. The Treaty of Versailles was meant to stop future wars. In the end it was the cause of the Second World War. Looking back it is clear the treaty caused more problems than it solved. ====================================================================== Germany and Austria-Hungary, being the losersRead MoreEffects Of The Treaty Of Versailles On The Rise Of Hitler Essay2051 Words   |  9 PagesREPORT DRAFT 1 Aim of Project: To find out what effects the Treaty of Versailles had on the rise of Hitler. (May need further elaboration) Research Question: What effects did the Treaty of Versailles have on the rise of Hitler? How did the people of Germany respond to the Treaty? What were the immediate effects of the Treaty? Were there any other factors that worsened the effects of the Treaty of Versailles? Hypotheses: The Treaty of Versailles made it possible for Hitler to rise in power.Read MoreHitler and the Effects of Treaty of Versailles Essay1770 Words   |  8 PagesOn June 28th 1919, in the Versailles Palace of France, the treaty of Versailles officially ended World war one. The signers of this treaty implemented certain restrictions on Germany that were to guarantee Germany would never start another world war. This begs the question, â€Å"what did the end of one war have to do with the start of World War Two?†. The evidence shows that it was this treaty’s influence on Adolf Hitler that led to the Versailles Treaty’s ultimate failure and provoked the startRead MoreThe Treaty Of Versailles And Its Effect On The World War I Essay2857 Words   |  12 Pagescriticized by financial stalwarts like Hjalmar Schacht even before hyperinflation came into being. The result was the exchange rate of the Mark against the US dollar started falling steadily during the war from 4.2 to 8.91 Mark per dollar. The Treaty of Versailles only accelerated the decrease in the value of Mark, so by the end of 1919 more than 32 Mark were required to buy a US dollar. German Mark was relatively stable at about 90 Mark per US Dollar during the earlier half of 1921. Because the WesternRead MoreThe Treaty Of Versailles And Its Effect On The World War I1274 Words   |  6 PagesThe Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was a treaty signed between Germany and the Allies which consisted of Britain, France and America. The idea of the Treaty was to end World War one and Germany would be too weak to start another war. This meant that there would be peace throughout Europe for a long time but it was controversial at best. It was signed in the Versailles palace which was large enough for hundreds of people to be involved in the signing on 28th of June 1919. GermanyRead MoreTreaty of Versailles-Cause of World War Two969 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. It was drawn up by the victors of the war, which included Great Britain, the United States, Italy, and France. The Big Four met in Versailles to compose a treaty that would hopefully bring about a peaceful end to the First World War- the first war of its kind. Germany, the main foe against the Allied Powers, and the loser of World War I, was not allowed to partake in the creation of the treaty. Even they ha d no way of knowing what to expect in the treaty, theyRead MoreDid the Treaty of Versailles Promote Hitler to Power846 Words   |  4 PagesGreen, â€Å"The truth resists simplicity†. Assigning the blame of WWII to the Treaty of Versailles is far too simple of an explanation. The Treaty of Versailles, which ended WWI while sanctioning and punishing Germany, forced Germany to pay reparations. These reparations are said to have caused economic challenges in Germany, which allowed Hitler to take control on nationalist fervor. Thus, the story goes, that the Treaty of Versailles made Hitler’s rise to power, and his starting of WWII, inevitable. HoweverRead MoreThe Treaty Of Versailles Ended World War I1708 Words   |  7 Pagesbefore the war even started. The Treaty of Versailles ended World War I but instigated the events that led up to World War II. Because the treaty of Versailles was so harsh on Germany, the effects of those terms allowed the Nazi party to form and ul timately led to the beginning of World War II. The Treaty of Versailles was said to end the â€Å"war of all wars† or in other words ended World War I, but it was the trigger for a far worse war to come. The Treaty of Versailles was just a mess. There was bias

Analysis Of Descartes s The Six Meditations - 1272 Words

Through the six Meditations, Descartes comes to the conclusion that memories and dreams are deceptive and are not to be trusted. He discusses the existence of material objects, God, and himself. God exists and allows deception and Descartes’ ability to recognize that everything is false proves that he exists as well. He explains the difference between imagination and intellect, as well as the idea that the senses are deceptive and that knowledge comes from the mind and reason. Descartes’ belief in God allows him to solidify his own existence, as well as the existence of material objects. Descartes, in the First Meditation, uses his belief that reality and the senses are deceptive to prove that he undoubtedly exists. He explains this notion by discussing sleep and dreams: â€Å"How often has it happened to me that in the night I dreamt that I found myself in this particular place, that I was dressed and seated near the fire, whilst in reality I was lying undressed in be d!† (Meditations, 7) When dreaming, he truly believes that he is sitting by the fire and looking at the paper in his lap. In reality, he is asleep in bed. This is what he means by saying that â€Å"it is sometimes proved to me that these senses are deceptive, and it is wiser not to trust entirely to anything by which we have once been deceived.† (Meditations, 7) What he sees in dreams often tricks him into believing that he is sensing real objects. Descarte then states that simple things (arithmetic and geometry)Show MoreRelated Rene Descartes Essay1094 Words   |  5 PagesRene Descartes was a famous French mathematician, scientist and philosopher. He was arguably the first major philosopher in the modern era to make a serious effort to defeat skepticism. His views about knowledge and certainty, as well as his views about the relationship between mind and body have been very influential over the last three centuries. Descartes was born at La Haye (now called Descartes), and educated at the Jesuit College of La Flà ¨che between 1606 and 1614. Descartes later claimedRead MoreEssay on Descartes Failure4852 Words   |  20 PagesDescartes Failure In his Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes strives first and foremost to provide an infallibly justified foundation for the empirical sciences, and second to prove the existence of God. I will focus on the first and second meditations in my attempt to show that, in his skepticism of the sources of knowledge, he fails to follow the rules he has set out in the Discourse on Method. First I claim that Descartes fails to draw the distinction between pure sensation andRead MoreCompilation of Mathematicians and Their Contributions11615 Words   |  47 Pagesit, they indeed reflected the beauty of Mathematics. They were all excellent mathematicians, and no doubt in it. But I admire John Napier for giving birth to Logarithms in the world of Mathematics. V. Mathematicians in the 17th Century Rene Descartes Birthdate: 31 March 1596 Died: 11 February 1650 Nationality: French Contributions: * Accredited with the invention of co-ordinate geometry, the standard x,y co-ordinate system as the Cartesian plane. He developed the coordinate system as a â€Å"deviceRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesOxford University Press, 1974. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-226-52130-3 (pbk.) 1. Motion pictures—Semiotics. 2. Motion pictures— Philosophy. I. Title. PN1995.M4513 1991 791.43 014—dc20 90-46965 C1P The French edition of Christian Metz s Essais sur la signification au cinema, volume 1, was published by Editions Klincksieck in 1971,  © Editions Klincksieck, 1968. ÃŽËœThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-PermanenceRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Human Resource Practices and Innovation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Practices and Innovation. Answer: Introduction: In the modern era, employees or staff members are considered as most vital and valuable assets of any business enterprise. Furthermore, the smooth and effective functioning of human resources results in providing a competitive advantage to organizations(Ketchen Jr, Crook, Todd, Combs, Woehr, 2017). At the same time, employees also contribute to long-term growth and sustainability of companies. However, it can be critically argued that effective management of human resources is not an easy task as organizations are required to deal with various problems and challenges. The present study is based on The Social Support Agency (SSA) which is a government based agency. The main role of this agency is to provide support to individuals regarding counselling, social work, income and other related areas. This report outlines the main HR issues which have been faced by The Social Support Agency. In addition to this, the HR activities which can support in dealing with the issue and getting competitive advantage are also mentioned in this study. The Social Support Agency offices are mainly located in regional centres and metropolitan areas of the country. All the employees working in this agency emphasize on delivering adequate support services to clients and customers. Furthermore, it can be stated that the assistance is provided in both monetary as well as non-monetary form. As per the provided case scenario, areas such as Eastwood are facing issues such as high degree of unemployment. The role of The Social Support Agency is to provide financial and consultancy support and assistance to unemployed people in the best possible manner. Over the past few years, the Social Support Agency is now facing several issues linked with the management of human resources. The provided case outlines that the critical issue which has been faced by The Social Support Agency is related to the aging workforce. It can be stated that the as compared to young employees, the aging workforce is less productive(Liu, Gong, Zhou, Huang, 2017). Increase rate of the aging workforce is a grave concern for all the organizations operating in the country. The rationale behind this is that companies face difficulties regarding hiring skilled and talented personnel. On the other side of this, aging workforce is also not able to contribute the desired amount of output in growth and success of organizations(Welch Bjrkman, 2015). Regarding The Social Support Agency, aging workforce is a grave concern because it will create obstacle for the agency regarding delivering fast, effective and satisfactory services to all its clients. Another issue which has been faced by The Social Support Agency is linked to the attracting quality candidates to deliver adequate services to all employees. It is expected that the majority of the employees with the agency are about to reach their age of retirement and thus, the agency will face problem linked with a shortage of workers. It can be stated that areas such as sales, profitability, and growth will be affected adversely due to the shortage of employees within the agency(Stone, 2013). The provided case scenario also outlines that lack of efficient and strict HR policy has also become a fundamental problem of The Social Support Agency. For example, the agency has employed six new people for its office located in Eastwood. However, after few days a new employee named Maryam resigned from the post. The main reason behind her resignation was that she was getting physically assault and verbally abused by the clients of the agency. At the same time, Anti Muslim comments were made against her, and this affected her morale and motivational level workforce. On the other side of this, practices such as threat, abuse and discrimination were also carried out within the workplace. This can be justified by the example of Joseph who explained that other staff members working in The Social Support Agency have racially abused him. However, it can be argued that Joseph was not at all interested in reporting the issue and make a big deal of the same. The HR department of the agency was not at all aware of these issues and this created problems for the entire agency(Varma, 2013). In the end, the HR received two more notice of resignation including Joseph and one other guy. In the modern era, effective and strict practices are essential for long-term growth and success of an enterprise. Furthermore, if the employee issues are not taken seriously, then the business may face obstacles regarding accomplishing their aim and objectives. The rate of employee turnover tends to increase in situations where HR related issues are not taken seriously(Tracey, et al., 2015). It has been found that abusive and rude behaviour of clients was an ongoing problem within The Social Support Agency and the manager Geoff explained that the best way to deal with this issue is to ensure that the new employees do not come in direct contact with these clients. However, it can be critically argued that the suggestion provided by the general manager Geoff cannot be considered as a long-term solution to the problem(Klikauer, 2014). It is required by the top and middle-level management to develop effective strategies and action plans to deal with these issues in the best possible man ner. Apart from this, opinion and suggestions from workers can also be taken into consideration to define strategies and plans for future growth and success of The Social Support Agency. The benefit of encouraging suggestions from employees is that it will create sense of satisfaction among staff members and will encourage them to give their best towards long-term success of the agency. HR activities which need to be put in place It has been observed that there are different types of issues which have been faced by The Social Support Agency. For example, the abusive behavior of client is an ongoing process, and it has affected the overall morale level of workers. To deal with this issue, a client policy can be developed and implemented by the agency. Here, the organization should mention the expected behavior from clients(Armstrong Taylor, 2014). At the same time, all the customers and clients should be asked to read the policy and sign the same before making use of the services offered by The Social Support Agency. In addition to this, the policy should also highlight the fact that in case if any of the clients abuse or behave unprofessionally, the agency has the authority to cancel the services on urgent basis. The case of Maryam outlines that she was being abused by the client of The Social Support Agency. At the same time, other staff members were also worried and affected by the things which happened with Maryam. It has now become mandatory for the business enterprise to develop and implement a strict policy which reflects acceptable behavior from clients or customers. On the other side of, the HR manager, general manager, and senior management is required to emphasize on carrying out training and development sessions for workers(Cristiani Peir, 2015). In the modern era, training sessions have become essential for the long-term growth and success of a business enterprise. It can be expressed that these sessions help workers to enhance their skill set, knowledge base and become more productive. In addition to this, training and development sessions also play a vital role in increasing the core competencies of staff members. In the context of The Social Support Agency, the training sessions can be provided with an objective to make employees learn the client handling tactics(Marchington, Wilkinson, Donnelly, Kynighou, 2016). The given case scenario outlines that dealing with abusive clients is part and parcel of the job within The Social Support Agency. Thus, training sessions will help workers to learn how they can handle rude and abusive clients in the best possible manner. The general manager working in The Social Support Agency explained that it is possible that the client will take out their anger and frustration on employees. It is recommended that imparting training sessions is the best and long-term solution to the problem of agency. Here, employees can be trained to remain calm and react neutrally in situations where the client is getting rude and abusing the staff members. The managers should ask and encourage employees to use their listening skills in the best possible manner. The high frustration and stress level of customers can also be solved by apologizing with clients(Meyer Xin, 2017). However, it can be critically argued that staying calm and apologizing is not an easy task and it is a kind of tactic which employees working in The Social Support Agency needs to learn. Racial discrimination in the workplace is another major issue which has created obstacles in accomplishment of long and short-term objectives of The Social Support Agency. In the modern era, discrimination by factors such as age, race, background, color, etc. have emerged as the biggest problem for both employees and employers(Solnet, Kralj, Baum, 2015). The best and most potent way to deal with the issue of discrimination is of implementing anti-discrimination policy with the workplace. Furthermore, the hard and soft copy of the policy should be forwarded to every employee working in the agency. At the same time, the policy should emphasize on taking strict action against the staff members who indulge in carrying out discrimination practices within the workplace(Nieves Quintana, 2016). The management should also communicate the fact that the employees who participate in racism will be facing serious consequences. Another effective strategy which can be implemented by The Social Support Agency to deal with the issue of discrimination is by focusing more on operating with a diversified workforce. Here, the selected agency will be required to make sure its workplace is racially and ethnically diverse. The benefit of operating with a diversified workforce is that it will help in creating a high degree of customer satisfaction(Nickson, 2013). The Social Support Agency will be able to gain a competitive advantage in the long by focusing on the development of a diversified workplace. The rationale behind this is that companies with diversified workforces can serve clients and customers in more satisfactory manner. It can be expressed that incentives and rewards should be offered to employees who support in maintaining diversity within the workplace in the best possible manner. The agency should also focus on areas such as employee development and coaching to gain competitive advantages over the other business operating in the marketplace. The reason behind this is that The Social Support Agency will be able to attract more new customers and retain old ones as developed workers can offer fast and satisfactory services to all customers. It is suggested that The Social Support Agency should also emphasize on developing and implementing an employee feedback and review system(Sparrow, Brewster, Chung, 2016). In the present scenario, taking feedbacks from workers at regular intervals directly contributes to both short and long-term success of the organization. On the contrary of this, it can be critically argued that only taking feedback will not help in accomplishing the long and short-term objective and the agency will be required to take corrective actions against the reviews provided by the staff member. The system of feedback and review will allow the company with an opportunity to identify the loopholes and issues in the existing system. At the same time, it will also help in identifying the challenges faced by staff members at the workplace(Mahajan, 2015). Based on the information collected, measures can be taken by The Social Support Agency with an objective to develop higher degree of satisfaction among all workers. Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that The Social Support Agency is facing various issues and challenges linked with the management of human resources. Furthermore, these problems have resulted in increasing the rate of employee turnover and have also affected the moral level of all staff members. It can be inferred that implementing client behavior and anti-discrimination policies are two major steps which can be taken by The Social Support Agency to deal with the challenges and issues. In addition to this, focusing on training and development of workers is another strategy which can be employed by the business. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Cristiani, A., Peir, J. M. (2015). Human resource function strategic role and trade unions: exploring their impact on human resource management practices in Uruguayan firms. . The International Journal of Human Resource Management , 381-400. Ketchen Jr, D. J., Crook, T. R., Todd, S. Y., Combs, J. G., Woehr, D. J. (2017). Managing Human Capital. . The Oxford Handbook of Strategy Implementation, , 283. Klikauer, T. (2014). Human resource management and Kohlbergs scale of moral development. . Philosophy of Management , 73-95. Liu, D., Gong, Y., Zhou, J., Huang, J. C. (2017). Human resource systems, employee creativity, and firm innovation: The moderating role of firm ownership. . Academy of Management Journal , 1164-1188. Mahajan, J. P. (2015). Managing Human Resources. . Noida: Vikas Publishing House. Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Donnelly, R., Kynighou, A. (2016). Human resource management at work. . London: Kogan Page Publishers. Meyer, K. E., Xin, K. R. (2017). Managing talent in emerging economy multinationals: Integrating strategic management and human resource management. . The International Journal of Human Resource Management , 11-15. Nickson, D. (2013). Human resource management for hospitality, tourism and events. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. Nieves, J., Quintana, A. (2016). Human resource practices and innovation in the hotel industry: The mediating role of human capital. Tourism and Hospitality Research . Solnet, D., Kralj, A., Baum, T. (2015). 360 degrees of pressure: The changing role of the HR professional in the hospitality industry. . Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research , 271-292. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016). Globalizing human resource management. . Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. Stone, R. J. (2013). Managing human resources. Milton QLD: John Wiley Sons Australia. Tracey, J. B., Hinkin, T. R., Tran, T. L., Emigh, T., Kingra, Taylor, J., et al. (2015). A field study of new employee training programs: industry practices and strategic insights. . Cornell Hospitality Quarterly , 345-354. Varma, A. (2013). Managing human resources in Asia-Pacific . Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. Welch, D., Bjrkman, I. (2015). The place of international human resource management in international business. . Management International Review , 303-322.

Ralph Abernathy A leader of the Civil Rights Movement free essay sample

Being a prominent leader during the Civil Rights movement was a perilous position to occupy. Very few people have the guts to make themselves the face of a movement, and even fewer succeed at it. Ralph Abernathy was an American Civil Rights activist who advocated equality alongside Martin Luther King Jr. and many others. Ralph Abernathy strived to help establish a more equal and welcoming America for all. Abernathy went on a Journey to help change the way America is today and help create a more equal America for all, regardless of race or ethnicity. Ralph Abernathy began gaining the skills to be a leader at a young age, and exemplified those skills by leading multiple demonstrations. Ralph Abernathy was born on March 11, 1926, in Linden, Alabama. He was born into a time of social inequality and race segregation. Abernathy served in the United States Army during WWII and served as a platoon Sergeant, leading his own group of soldiers. We will write a custom essay sample on Ralph Abernathy: A leader of the Civil Rights Movement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After being discharged from the Army, he enrolled at Alabama State University (ASU). While attending ASU he began to notice how the university was segregated. He gained fame when he started his first demonstrations, protesting the lack of heat and hot water in his dormitory and the dreadful food served in the cafeteria. Later, in 1951, he was called to the Civil Rights Movement when he became the pastor of the First Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. As pastor he mentored Martin Luther King Jr. as a minister of a nearby church. They formed a close friendship that would carry on for the rest of their lives. Abernathy developed a leadership role from the start of his life which helped lead im into his role as one of the biggest Civil Rights advocates America had ever had. Abernathy organized, created, and lead multiple different protest and organizations to help the Civil Rights Movement. One of The biggest protests he organized was the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Abernathy organized it with the help of Martin Luther King Jr. and together they lead the biggest boycott of the whole Movement. It was decided that black people in Montgomery would refuse to use the buses until passengers were completely integrated (Simkin). This protest was his call to action and one of his main contributions to the movement. Another one of Abernathys main contributions to the Civil Rights Movement was that he founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Martin Luther King Jr. was president of the organization and Abernathy was secretary treasurer. They worked together in helping to desegregate Am erica and teaching people how to stand up for themselves and protest non- violently. The biggest trial that Abernathy went through was when is church was sieged by white supremacists. 1,500 men and woman were surrounded and Abernathy was willing to give himself up to save the innocent people stuck in the church. Ultimately, he did not end up sacrificing himself, but this was also a test of his character. Over the next few years Abernathy was arrested nineteen times (Simkin). Abernathy proved himself to be a dedicated, powerful, and resourceful leader. As the Civil Rights Movement progressed, Abernathys role became a less dire. When Martin Luther King Jr. as assassinated, Abernathy took over the role as president ot the S LC Ralph Abernathy led daily demonstrations in May and June 1968, Just a month after Kings assassination (Kirkland). Some of the important last demonstrations he led were the: Poor Peoples March in Washington D. C. in May, 1968, Atlanta sanitation workers strike in 1968, and lastly the Charleston Hospital workers strike in 1969. Abernathy retired his position as president of the SCLC in 1977. He then ran for a spot in the Georgia Congressional Seat. He was nsuccessful in the running yet continued advocating peace until his retirement. Abernathys Journey came to an end and he retired his title as a leader of the Civil Rights Movement. To conclude, Ralph Abernathy was a dedicated Civil Rights Activist who advocated equality and Justice for all. Alongside many others, he accomplished impressive feats that once seemed unreachable. He went on a Journey towards helping America become a more equal country. He was tested to his limits and proved himself to be a worthy, dedicated, and powerful leader.

Free Essays on The New Deal

â€Å"The New Deal Was Not† The New Deal, as passed by Franklin Roosevelt, marked a change in the American government from being based on, as Richard Hofstadter puts it, â€Å"the philosophy of Hobbes and the religion of Calvin† (5); in fact, the New Deal shows America’s first understanding of economics. By extending national regulation over new areas of the economy, the New Deal successfully engaged in a broad series of experiments designed to relieve the distress and unemployment caused by the Great Depression; however, no matter how great this â€Å"New† Deal sounds, it was not new at all. In reality, the true New Deal was the second New Deal, which was simply rewritten according to mandates of the Supreme Court after it rejected thirteen out of the fifteen proposed points. This Second New Deal was the true â€Å"New† Deal because it, not its earlier counterpart, that sought to regulate the economy in new ways. Moreover, this Deal turned out to be the successful one. Roosevelt’s success was rooted in his amiable personality; he had a way about him that assured Americans that, by following him, life would turn out good. When he was first elected President, Roosevelt assured the American people, in his inaugural address, that he would take drastic action against the economic emergency he had on his hands. During his presidency, Roosevelt was able to maintain the confidence of Americans through his â€Å"fireside chats,† during which he explained the plans he had to Americans over the radio. In these â€Å"chats,† and in all of his briefings to America, Roosevelt had an air of urgency around him. He once said, â€Å"This nation asks for action, and action now†¦. We must act, and act quickly†(New Deal 1). Roosevelt instituted signs of relief from the very beginning of his ascendance. Because of such great panic about bank failures, Roosevelt declared a â€Å"bank holiday,† which closed all American ban ks for four days unti... Free Essays on The New Deal Free Essays on The New Deal â€Å"The New Deal Was Not† The New Deal, as passed by Franklin Roosevelt, marked a change in the American government from being based on, as Richard Hofstadter puts it, â€Å"the philosophy of Hobbes and the religion of Calvin† (5); in fact, the New Deal shows America’s first understanding of economics. By extending national regulation over new areas of the economy, the New Deal successfully engaged in a broad series of experiments designed to relieve the distress and unemployment caused by the Great Depression; however, no matter how great this â€Å"New† Deal sounds, it was not new at all. In reality, the true New Deal was the second New Deal, which was simply rewritten according to mandates of the Supreme Court after it rejected thirteen out of the fifteen proposed points. This Second New Deal was the true â€Å"New† Deal because it, not its earlier counterpart, that sought to regulate the economy in new ways. Moreover, this Deal turned out to be the successful one. Roosevelt’s success was rooted in his amiable personality; he had a way about him that assured Americans that, by following him, life would turn out good. When he was first elected President, Roosevelt assured the American people, in his inaugural address, that he would take drastic action against the economic emergency he had on his hands. During his presidency, Roosevelt was able to maintain the confidence of Americans through his â€Å"fireside chats,† during which he explained the plans he had to Americans over the radio. In these â€Å"chats,† and in all of his briefings to America, Roosevelt had an air of urgency around him. He once said, â€Å"This nation asks for action, and action now†¦. We must act, and act quickly†(New Deal 1). Roosevelt instituted signs of relief from the very beginning of his ascendance. Because of such great panic about bank failures, Roosevelt declared a â€Å"bank holiday,† which closed all American ban ks for four days unti...

Two Kinds of Protagonist

Two Kinds of Protagonist Two Kinds of Protagonist Two Kinds of Protagonist By Maeve Maddox The definition of protagonist most familiar to me as a student of literature is this one: protagonist noun: the chief character in a dramatic work. Hence, in extended use: the leading character, or one of the main characters, in any narrative work, as a poem, novel, film, etc. According to this definition, the sister of Polynices is the protagonist of Antigone, Dorothea Brooke is the protagonist of Middlemarch, and Ree Dolly is the protagonist of Winter’s Bone. The use of protagonist in an article about a prison-related work program alerted me to another use of the word: This program, termed â€Å"evil† by protagonists because the prisoners aren’t paid prevailing wages, has changed the lives  of prisoners. In this context, protagonists refers to people who object to the work program and advocate its abolition. Here are other examples of protagonist used in nonliterary contexts: Two activists, Shirley Andrews and Barry Christophers, became the chief  protagonists  in the Federal Councils fight for  equal wages. Accordingly, management and male workers were the  protagonists  in these struggles. The leading protagonist of â€Å"women’s rights† was a remarkable woman of frontier type named Abigail Scott Duniway. [HK169, (a trade union)] has been the most prominent  protagonist  in  equal  value cases and took the  Danfoss litigation The U.S. must be careful â€Å"not to get engaged in such a way that we become the chief protagonist, and eventually not just in Syria, but in the region as a whole,† Mr. Brzenzinski said. In addition to the literary definition of protagonist, the OED offers these: 2 a. The main figure, or one of the most prominent figures, in any situation; a prominent supporter or champion of a cause. 2 b. In weakened use (without connotations of prominence): a proponent, advocate, or defender of a cause, idea, etc. 3 a. leading player or competitor in a game or sport, or on a team. The first two citations given for 2a suggest that this use of protagonist began as a figurative application of the meaning â€Å"chief character in a dramatic work†: Those republican demagogues [in France] who acted the part of iniquity became themselves the protagonists of the piece and perished in the catastrophe. (1801) If he [Lafayette] has not been the Alpha and the Omega of the era,if he has not always been the protagonist of its different acts, yet has the whole of his somewhat extended life been devoted to the cause. (1837) The weakened use described in 2b may have arisen from the mistaken idea that the pro- in protagonist means the same as the pro- in a word like pro-government. In fact, the first three letters in protagonist do not bear the meaning â€Å"for† (as in â€Å"for and against†). This pro derives from Greek proto, â€Å"first.† The protagonist is the first (or chief) actor. When referring to people who play an important part in promoting a cause, the word protagonist is appropriate. Using it as just another word for the noun advocate is less so. Here are other words that mean supporter or advocate: champion upholder backer promoter proponent spokesman spokeswoman propagandist apostle apologist booster flag-bearer Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comma After i.e. and e.g.How to Punctuate with â€Å"However†Double Possessive

Euthanasia and Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Euthanasia and Abortion - Essay Example ed, it is rather natural to think that people have a complete control of their body and might make any decisions regardless of the opinion of others, including the government. However, there are two situations, namely euthanasia and abortion, which present obstacles on the way of exercising one’s right to bodily autonomy. This paper will argue that the same level of control should be granted to a person in the above mentioned cases. First of all, it may be logical to analyze the idea that favors this approach with regard to euthanasia. Thus, the supporterd point out that the ideas of passive and active euthanasia are very different and â€Å"the process of being ‘allowed to die’ can be relatively slow and painful, whereas being given a lethal injection is relatively quick and painless† (Rachels 2). There is no doubt that no person in the world would like to experience pain for a long time, but would prefer a quick and painless death instead. As a result, euthanasia should be regarded as a logical exercise of one’s bodily autonomy since it reflects the desire of a person. In other words, people should be granted such a right since this will be beneficial for them. Secondly, the concept of bodily autonomy is closely connected to a larger concept of self determination which is essential for any person who lives in a society. It is suggested that â€Å"in exercising self-determination people take responsibility for their lives† (Brock 11). This means that they may be responsible for continuing it or end it at will. In other words, if the law forbids a person to end his or her live, one is deprived of an essential right that makes life incomplete. Indeed, right to life is universally recognized, but the backside of it, namely right to death is still under the scrutiny of the society. It must be noted that recognition of euthanasia as an illegal action should be regarded as a limit that is placed on person’s bodily autonomy. Therefore, it should be eliminated

Discussion 12 nur 703 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 12 nur 703 - Assignment Example Reduced activities and change in work location due to closure are other possible role conflicts. APRN might gain support for the evaluation by seeking advocacy roles of special interest groups and incorporating evidence based information on its evaluation for authenticity. The county government, the community whose members seek care services, nurse advocacy groups, human rights associations, the facility’s personnel, and civil rights activists are some of the stakeholders and their involvement will be through seeking and incorporating their opinions on significance of the facility and possibility of closure (Milstead, 2013). Five hundred dollars is a potential budget for the evaluation that will rely on local stakeholders for data. Communication and travelling allowances for members of the evaluation team will be the main expenses. A survey design, with interviews and focus group discussion as the data collection techniques and random sampling, will be the research methodology. Possible conflict of interest, need for anonymity, beneficence, and non-malfeasance are some of the potential ethical consideration (Schneider, Whitehead, LoBiondo-Wood, & Haber, 2012). A written report will be delivered to the county government that may publish it to the public at discretion. I have been faced with a similar advocacy issue regarding workers’ rights in a facility. The issue was about possible change in management theory and incorporating stakeholders, including the management, in evaluation led to positive outcome. The facility changed its management approach and empowered its

Settlement in Southeast Asia Essay Example for Free

Settlement in Southeast Asia Essay An example of such a country is Singapore. There are also countries with some areas that are much more urbanized than other areas. The entire area is closely clustered with buildings. A good example of such a pattern can be seen from Bangkok in Thailand. Dominant settlement patterns of most major cities in the world with high population densities are likely to result in clustering of buildings due to constraints of land resources. Urban settlements tend to be clustered as people in urban settlements are mainly involved in activities like business and manufacturing. All these require transportation and services. Thus, having settlements clustered together enables them to have easy access to transportation. Population density here is usually higher than in rural settlements and the incomes of people in urban settlements are usually higher than those in rural settlements as well. 2. Linear Liner settlements can be found along main transport roads, railways, rivers or canals. Individual buildings are arranged in a linear pattern that takes after the structure of the transport road, making travelling easier for people living in the settlement. Such examples can be found in Philippines, along its main roads and in Vietnam, along its canal. Rural settlements tend to be linear and located along a river as rural settlements are mainly involved in activities such farming, fishing, growing of crops, etc. Population density in this area is low, with few amenities such as schools, clinics, public transports and etc. The living of people in this settlement is usually closely related to the settlement’s main function and physical environment. 3. Dispersed Dispersed settlements are created with individual buildings being scattered all over a wide area or large open spaces. Some examples are forests, farmlands, etc. This pattern happens usually due to limited natural resources or fertile soil, resulting in people being spread out to ensure enough land for agriculture functions and for obtaining resources from the ground. An example of where the dispersed pattern can be found is in Philippines. Dispersed settlement patterns are usually found in rural areas around the world due to small population sizes and low population densities in those areas. Patterns of settlements are very closely linked to the physical landscape, climate, location of water and resources and access to trade routes of the area. Historically, people settled close to trade routes, by which it is usually water routes, in areas of hospitable climates and terrain. This general pattern remains true today. The only difference is that humans of today are more adapted to harsher climates and more rugged terrains and trade is no longer the factor controlling settlement patterns. There are various factors that affect the location of settlements in the Southeast Asian region. However, the factor that plays the most important role is rivers. When Southeast Asia was first colonised by the Europeans, they set up trading ports beside rivers and seas. Thus, until today, extensive changes of dominated port cities have been established in countries such as Singapore. Sources also show that in both ancient and modern times, people have sought out all kinds of ways to settle alongside bodies of water, rivers in particular. They have historically been a draw to migrants in search of fresh water for drinking, cooking and food. In addition to providing an abundance source of fish, lakes and streams have long been desirable places to hunt animals coming to drink from them. For many cultures of the world, rivers have also had a spiritual significance, drawing people to visit, pray, celebrate and settle along their banks. Rivers are important as they are the main paths for water transport. Transport is vital for trade and trade is vital for the wealth of a country. In some Southeast Asia regions, water transport is generally faster and cheaper than most ways of travel on land. Water is also counted as a resource that is usually in good supplies and does not need any up keeping. An example of such a country is Vietnam. Vietnam is not as well-developed as some other countries and thus, water transport is still commonly used there. Rivers provide water for agriculture as well. Countries such as Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand do a lot of crop planting (wet agriculture), so they need plenty of water. Thus, settling along rivers allow them to be able to draw in water effortlessly as they have easy access to water.

Their Common Enemy :: essays research papers

Their Common Enemy It is known that a number of students dislike school. School is a big topic of conversation in every student's life. Some students enjoy the work but most talk about how horrible it is. Take a random group of students; have an open discussion on school work and you will find that students will be agreeing with each other about how stressed they are. The students found a common enemy and it brought them closer because they could talk bad about school and agree with each other. Just like the students who bond when talking about schoolwork, Linda and Willy from Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, bond when they discuss money. "Well it makes 70 dollars and some pennies, That's very good (35)." Linda says this to Willy after she found out that his pay wasn't as expected. Whenever they talk about paying their mortgage they seem to compromise and have a healthy conversation. Usually when they talk about other important issues, they end up arguing because Willy has a short temper. "You shouldn't have criticized him, Willy, especially after he just got off the train. You mustn't lose your temper with him (15)." Willy has no shame because he will talk about anyone and not care. Talking about their mortgage helps them to stay together by agreeing with one another. Whenever the topic comes up, their moods totally change and even though they might not know it; they act as if paying their mortgage is their favorite thing to discuss. "WILLY: `Well, that's a great thing. To weather a twenty-five year mortgage is ------ .' LINDA: `It's and accomplishment.' (73). When they are almost done paying they are very happy and even Willy makes a comment; but he stops himself from expressing his true feelings. Why? Why does Willy prevent himself from being happy with the good things that he has in his life? He tries to live a life that doesn't exist and ends up agonizing. He should just enjoy what he already has and work with it. What ends up happening is that Willy becomes his own enemy so it's not about the mortgage or money anymore. He is the enemy and Linda, Biff and Happy are the one's that come together to help Willy be content. LINDA: `He's dying Biff.' BIFF: `Why is he dying?' LINDA: `He's been trying to kill himself.' (58)" Linda and Biff come together even more because of Willy trying to commit suicide. Willy is destroying himself because he is too much of a dreamer. Linda talks to Willy realistically and tries to break up his dreams.

Medication Errors Essay

When doing the job of nursing one of the most important aspects is patient safety. The biggest danger to patients is medication. A medication error is when the nurse gives a patient the wrong medication or the dose of medication could be wrong. The danger of the medication error is that it can lead to an over dose, a reaction, or even death to a patient. There are several things to know when dealing with medication errors like who should fill it out, who should receive a completed report, why would you fill one out, what is included, and what a near miss is. The first thing to know is that it is the responsibility of the nurse who made or discovers the medication error. Once the report is filled out then it is given to the unit nurse supervisor then forward to the QI department. There are several reasons why you would fill out a report such as: Omission error, Wrong dose, Wrong route, Wrong rate, Wrong drug, Wrong time, Wrong duration of treatment, Wrong patient, Wrong preparation of a dose, Incorrect administration technique. The most common things that cause medication errors are illegibly written orders, dispensing errors, calculation errors, monitoring errors, administration errors. When filling out a medication report you should describe the error or preventable adverse drug reaction and what went wrong? Was this an actual medication accident (reached the patient) or are you expressing concern about a potential error or writing about an error that was discovered before it reached the patient? Type of practice site (hospital, private office, retail pharmacy, drug company, long-term care facility, etc.). Generic name (INN or official name) of all products involved. Brand name of all products involved. Dosage form, concentration or strength, etc. Where error was based on communication problem, is a sample of the order available? Are samples or pictures available if requested? State your recommendations for error prevention. You also have to include your name, email, fax, address, title, phone, and location. A near miss is any Circumstance, process, or event that did not reach the patient, but has the potential to cause harm. It is considered a medication  error but one of the best turn outs of medication error is a near miss. There should never be any reason for medication errors but they do happen in real life.

A Critical analysis of The film “Platoon” Essay

The Vietnam War was on everyone’s mind in 1960s and 1970s in our country. It was the center of much of America’s troubles during this time, but only the soldier’s who fought in that war knew the true madness that was Vietnam. Oliver Stone began writing Platoon because the Vietnam War was â€Å"a pocket of our history nobody understands.† (Schuer t24) Platoon is a movie which should be viewed by everyone, not only for its cinematic qualities but for its historic insight as well. Platoon is an Orion Pictures production, filmed in 1986. Written and directed by Oliver Stone it tells the gruesome story of a Vietnam War not known by the American public. Tom Beringer, who plays the experienced Sergeant Barnes, was nominated in the Best Supporting Actor category along with Willem Defoe who plays Sergeant Elias. Charlie Sheen plays Chris Taylor, an idealistic student who had dropped out of college, joined the army, and volunteered for Vietnam. His idealism and view of war in general rapidly change during the course of the film. The character is based off the director Oliver Stone, who dropped out of Yale to join the war effort. Chris and the rest of the soldiers are unaware of what they are getting into and are given little time to prepare. â€Å"Trapped in the cage of front-line life, living (if they’re luck) from moment to moment, values that apply elsewhere fade out for Barnes and others† (Kauffman 24). While serving his time Taylor experience the war in its full spectrum, from the homesickness and the comradery of the men to the nightmares of battle. Read Also:  Critical Evaluation Essay Topics The enemy is the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong but you rarely view them except as shadowy figures in the jungle or momentarily illuminated by the light of a flare. There are no defined battle lines and the combat scenes lead you to believe that the enemy is everywhere. The line between good and evil is blurred or nonexistent in this film. Sergeant Elias is portrayed as a caring, intelligent leader who escapes reality through the use of drugs. His nemesis, Sergeant Barnes, is portrayed as an efficient fighting machine who will stop at nothing to get the job done. You soon realize that he, too, is just doing everything to ensure his own survival. Platoon shows how the War affected the soldiers, and how none of them felt  that they were fighting for a reason. The film shows the Vietnam experience from the average soldier’s point of view. In the beginning Chris Taylor is very ignorant and his chances of survival are slim. The movie went beyond just showing battles, with the showing of the moral dilemmas that the soldiers faced. The film does not in any way glorify the war in Vietnam. It is a gritty look at what the soldiers endured while serving their country. The men in the platoon come from all walks of life and all over the country. However they all share the same desire to serve their time and get as far away from the fighting as possible. There is not one soldier in the jungle whose mind is not irrevocably warped by the ravages of war. Some critics complain that the character development in the story is weak and there is no plot. J.P. Stern of U S News and World Report states that â€Å"The Central Plot tension – the battle for a young private’s soul between a â€Å"good† sergeant who has retained humanity and a â€Å"bad† sergeant who has become a killing machine is not very tense.† However, the introduction of the entire cast in the film is what sets the film apart from others like it. There are no real heroes in this movie and no real villains. There is just a group of frightened men fighting for survival in their own ways and counting the days until they can leave the country. Nearly the entire film is set in a very thick jungle with tall grass and a beautiful landscape. All of the soldiers are forced to walk through thick jungle with biting insects, and hidden trip wires. The camera is always moving to give a sense of confusion and disorientation. Shots of wounded men screaming and constant gunfire makes you feel like you are in the middle of it all. The violence and paranoia that plagued the soldiers are constantly evident.†Complaints about the violent nature of his work elicit from Stone what might be called the journalist’s defense that’s just the way it is. (Ansen 56) In order to accurately tell the story Stone could pull no punches. Platoon was instantly acclaimed upon it’s release as the first truly authentic look at Vietnam since the end of the war. It was nominated for many academy awards including, best picture, best film editing, best sound, best director, best cinematography, best writing, and best supporting actor. The film won Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best film editing, best sound,  and best director. Richard Corliss of Time Magazine states that â€Å"Stone’s film is a document written in blood that after almost 20 years refuses to dry.† Yet behind all of the prestige and awards it was given, Platoon holds an underlining message. â€Å"Charlie Sheen is America in its innocence, and the jungle is the dark, confused mystery that the war remains for us twenty years later† (Evans 78). Platoon is more than just a gory war movie; it is a realistic look at world that we would never want to experience. Works Cited 1. Ansen, David. â€Å"A Ferocious Vietnam Frenzy† Newsweek 5 Jan. 1987: 57. 2. Corliss, Richard â€Å"Platoon† Time Magazine 26 Jan. 1987:54-61. 3. Kauffmann, Stanley. â€Å"An American Tragedy† The New Republic 19 Jan. 1987: 24-25. 4. Schuers, Fred. â€Å"Soldier’s Story† Rolling Stone 29 Jan. 1987: 22+. 5. Stern, J.P.. â€Å"Parable in the Jungle† U S News and World Report 2 March 1987: 78.

Trodden Weed

Trodden Weed Introduction The art piece Trodden Weed is a painting depicting a man’s boots walking on a patch bearing what appear to be weeds. It was created in 1951 by the artist Andrew Wyeth, who later came out to explain that it was self-portrait.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Trodden Weed specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Wyeth, he had undergone an eight-hour surgical operation on his lung and during the recuperation period, he spent some time walking trying to regain his strength (Wyeth 1). It was during one of these recovery walks that he took some time to rest and as he was looking down at his feet, it occurred to him that he had been crushing things under his feet (Wyeth 1). Having gone through an operation, during which his heart was said to have stopped once, Wyeth had come to appreciate the importance of life. That is why he found it disheartening that he had been killing without knowing and he proceeded to put this message on a painting (Wyeth 1). Writing about a work of art is regarded as one of the best aids to fully understanding it. This essay seeks to analyze the painting titled Trodden Weed by Andrew Wyeth, using the four steps of art criticism. Description The painting was created using the medium Tempera on Wood. Tempera is a painting mixture that is created by combining colored pigment with a binding medium (traditionally egg yolk). Tempera once applied on a material dries fast and becomes permanent.Advertising Looking for critical writing on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wyeth is counted among the few 20th century American artists, who specialized in Tempera art. When painting using Tempera, a small amount of pigment paste is placed on a palette then some drops of distilled water are added. The binder (egg yolk) is then added to mixture depending on the desired consiste ncy. Wyeth probably chose this media because of its longevity. Analysis The painting was done from a second-person (observational) point of view. It was as if Wyeth was looking at another person’s feet when painting. In terms of balance, the boots and the weeds, the primary subjects of the painting, have been given prominence with each taking almost half of the entire painting. The boots give weight to the top left side of the painting, while the weeds cover every other section apart from a small bit on the top right where a portion of the sky is showing. In order to create a three-dimensional feel to the painting, the artist, played around with the element of perspective. The sky is shown peeping at a distance, with the path that Wyeth had charted in his walk presenting in a tapering line that widens towards the foreground. By discriminately shading some parts and leaving others out, Wyeth was able to distinguish the texture of various components. He also used different type s of strokes to make some elements appear smooth and others rough. For instance, in the grass on the foreground, Wyeth used long and rough strokes, while on the trousers he made the strokes short and fine. The lighting of the painting, which appears to have been well thought-out, indicates that the walk was happening in the afternoon.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Trodden Weed specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The shade and tone of the painting is earthy with the color selection yielding a painting that does not scream for attention. The mood of the painting is that of solace and loneliness. From the first look, one can tell that the subject is walking alone. The background, which stretches all the way to the horizon, does not have other people clearly indicating that the subject has not come across anyone in his long walk. Interpretation From a personal point of view, the theme of the work is the differ ence between the strong and weak. In any society, stronger people tend to take advantage of the weaker ones, sometimes at will, for their own benefit. For instance, politicians in most countries enter parliament and change the laws to favor them at the expense of other members of the public. The walking legs clearly show the will of a strong living person to get from one point to another. The dead weeds show how the weak lose out when a stronger people opt to exercise their dominance on them. The long distance that the subject has been walking, causing damage, depicts the extent of destruction that one strong person can cause when placed against hundreds of weak individuals. Evaluation/Conclusion Had I not take time to critically study the painting I would have dismissed it as another pair of walking legs. However, after a committed study that was in part guided by external references, I have come to the conclusion that there is more to the painting than meets the eye. I now underst and deeply understand the style that was used in creating the artwork, as well as the circumstances that led to its creation. I am also in a position to give an informed interpretation based on the analytical process. This analytical process can be applied in different pieces of art to derive meaning.Advertising Looking for critical writing on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wyeth, Andrew. Trodden Weed 1951. Web.

Why Use Endnotes, Endnotes vs. Footnotes

Why Use Endnotes, Endnotes vs. Footnotes Even though parenthetical style citations have become popular in modern academia, there are plenty of times when they are not quite appropriate. You might find that you are dealing with an old-school editor who requires the use of endnotes. In fact, for many manuscript publications, endnotes are the preferred method of citation. Why Use Endnotes? Endnotes are a wonderful solution to the break in flow that citations can sometimes create. When you use them, you can be sure that your text will not be interrupted by more than a single superscript number. The reader can then turn to the back of the book or paper to read the entire citation, if they so choose. Much of the reason that we use any type of citationwhether an APA style citation or Chicago Style citationis to provide healthy proof for our claims. We want to make sure that we can write with authority, and provide backing for the theoretical points we make. We also want to be sure that we can properly utilize the works of those who have gone before us. Endnotes vs. Footnotes Because of this, few readers are interested in reading footnotes at the end of each page. In fact, many readers find it distracting, and will only desire footnotes for further investigation on the topic at hand. Because of this, endnotes have remained a quite popular reference solution in the publication realms.

The Spaces between Stars by Geeta Kothari Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Spaces between Stars by Geeta Kothari - Essay Example This research will begin with the definition of Hinduism as one of the oldest religions of the world. It evolved in the Indian subcontinent over 5000 years ago and has a rich body of literature. Unlike monotheistic religions such as Christianity or Islam, Hinduism is polytheistic, with thousands of deities and gods being worshipped. Even in terms of ethnography and culture, there is a rich diversity of Hindu expression. The sacred rituals and beliefs related to Hinduism vary across ethnic communities in India. The Hindu scriptures explain morality in the form of legends and myths. More than a religion per se, Hinduism can be looked at as a philosophical system. The key themes of this system are that of the interconnectedness of life, repercussions of good and bad deeds (karma), the temporariness of earthly existence and the aspiration toward liberation from it (moksha). Texts such as the Upanishads and epics such as Ramayana and Mahabaratha serve as mediums of this philosophic discou rse. While the Hindu idea of karma is deterministic, it does not promote fatalistic attitude. While the circumstances we find ourselves in are somewhat arbitrary, there is much we can alter our future through the exercise of free will.   Towards the end of the story, Maya seems to realize this truth.   She is seen to slowly make a resolution that she will henceforth be more faithful to her feelings and no more live in denial.

Organizational Development in HRD (Case Study) Research Paper

Organizational Development in HRD (Case Study) - Research Paper Example Moreover, she also thinks that she was given an ultimatum by her boss when he coerced her to continue with the client as no one else was free to take up. Kindred faces major ethical dilemma. She was presented as an expert of CQI which she asserts misrepresent her competencies and which are not adequate to resolve the problems of the client. But with her first meeting, she had also earned the trust and confidence of the client and who had given positive feedback to her company’s President. She believes that the company needs someone with technical know-how which she lacks. They are dilemma because she is caught between the obligations to her company and ethics of OD which are founded on honesty and openness. She believes that she is not equipped with competencies despite her academic qualifications in the area and therefore rather than looking it as an opportunity, she thinks she is backed into making a decision that is ethically wrong. I would have continued with the current client and used it as a platform for widening my experience and exploiting my core competencies in OD to solve the problems of the firms. OD has wide scope and CQI is inherently linked to the organizational development processes (Cummings & Worley, 2009). Streamlining various interactive process are key elements of CQI which can be achieved through evolving practices of evaluation. OD underpins the principles of optimal performance through evolving organizational culture that relies on constant learning environment, strong teamwork, leadership initiatives etc. (Langley et al., 2009). The major thrust of the problem resolution is to find the root cause which is achieved through critical assessment of program and processes that are measured against the defined goals. CQI fundamentally relies on the organizational processes and mechanisms to face challenges of time with creative input, turning adversities into new opportunities of

Swan Ice Arena Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Swan Ice Arena - Case Study Example Swan Ice Arena is an indoor ice rink that primarily catered to hockey groups. However, in the recent months, the manager, David Swan has opened the ice rink for public skating. Even though public skating was supposed to increase the revenues for Swan but at this point Swan has been unable to profit from the venture despite heavy investment in making the rink public. Public attendance in the rink is low despite Swan’s best effort. Swan has noticed that families and young children visit the area during the weekends and young couples are more eager to visit the rink during Fridays. However, Swan cannot limit the rink to these groups for specific days since he realizes that young children also visit during Fridays. The presence of young children during couple days discourages the couples to visit more often. At this time, Swan is unable to increase the visits and thus revenues have not increased for him despite his investments on the rink.  Swan Ice Arena is an indoor ice rink t hat primarily catered to hockey groups. However, in the recent months, the manager, David Swan has opened the ice rink for public skating. Even though public skating was supposed to increase the revenues for Swan but at this point Swan has been unable to profit from the venture despite heavy investment in making the rink public. Public attendance in the rink is low despite Swan’s best effort. Swan has noticed that families and young children visit the area during the weekends and young couples are more eager to visit the rink during Fridays. However, Swan cannot limit the rink to these groups for specific days since he realizes that young children also visit during Fridays. The presence of young children during couple days discourages the couples to visit more often. At this time, Swan is unable to increase the visits and thus revenues have not increased for him despite his investments on the rink. Evaluating the situation, a few recommendations could be made. Swan would bene fit by limiting Fridays for young couples by restricting the age limit to 14 years. Even though at this point of time, young couples do not visit the area much but when the place becomes known as a couple hangout joint, more people would be willing to visit and revenues would definitely increase. Since Generation Y that Swan at this time is trying to cater relies on word-of-mouth promotion (Perreault and Mc Carthy), Swan would benefit from it. Also Swan could allow these young couples to make song requests so that they are able to participate more fully in the area.

Nestlé Corporate Governance Business Principles

Nestlà © Corporate Governance Business Principles Nestle is a flat organisation with few levels of management and span of control was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestlà © at VeVey (Switzerland). Currently Nestle` is one of the worlds largest Nutrition, health and wellness company and committed to provide the best Nutritional food products around the world, moreover, in order to ensure company long term sustainable growth, Company constantly reviews its product portfolio and focuses on its efforts. Also better understand the need of customer, nestle monitor consumer panels by conducting research. Consequencely, success of Nestle is a reflection of clear define responsibilities, reflection of professionalism, responsible attitude of management, well defined objective as well as significant global leadership position Company Brands: The Nestlà © brand portfolio such as milk and dairy products, nutritions, weight management, performance and healthcare, breakfast cereals, ice cream, coffee and culinary products (prepared dishes, cooking aids, sauces) pet care, bottled water etc. practically cover all food and beverage categories. Many of them have leadership both locally and globally market and existed for several years, for instance S.Pellegrino the mineral water from Italy and Nestlà © Moà §a in Brazil, are l over 100 years old.The best-known global brands include Nescafà ©, Nestea, Maggi, Buitoni, Purina and Nestlà © itself other brands also sell in many countries for instance Milo, Nespresso, Nesquik, Kit Kat, Smarties, Polo, Friskies, Perrier and Vittel. It is considered that total number of brands including local and international reaches into several thousands Nestlà © Corporate Governance Management Management professional skills, Curiosity and open-mindedness as well as a high level of interest in other cultures, also commitment to continuous learning, improving, and sharing knowledge, also ability to motivate staff in order to contribute wider group performance and willing to take risks and maintain composure under pressure and involvement of each employee at all levels are concerned with continuously adding value to company. Business Principles Company business principles are based on fairness, honesty and sound human values also to follow local legislation, religious practices and culture, Therefore, company respect and follow all applicable local laws around the world. Company objective is to market and manufacture the products such a way to create long term value for business partner, shareholders, consumers, and employees, to ensure the highest standard of organisation Nestle believes legislation is the effective safeguard of responsible conduct Code of Business Conduct The Nestlà © Code of Business Conduct helps the continued implementation of the Corporate  Business Principles and the nature of this Code are designed to provide a frame of reference against all possible situations that may occur. Moreover the purpose of this code is to Employees should seek guidance when they are in doubt situation, act legally and honestly and avoid all those conduct which may damage Nestle reputation also give preference to Companys interests instead of personal or other interests. Compliance with laws, rules and regulations Conflicts of Interest Outside directorships and other outside activities Families and Relatives Corporate opportunities Insider trading Antitrust and fair dealing Confidential information Fraud, protection of company assets, accounting Bribery and corruption Gifts, meals, entertainment Discrimination and harassment Failure to comply Reporting illegal or non-compliant conduct Articles of Association Company amends new Articles of association in General meeting of 23 April 2009.Article of association consist of five main categories, which is as under  General  Article 1 Article 2 Corporate name; registered offices; Duration and Purpose. This category is consisting of two sub category or bias in which they explain company name, company registration and company purpose Share Capital. Article 3 Share capital Article 3bis Conditional share capital. On this section it has been explained the share capital of Nestle which is 100 000 000 registered shares and the value of each is CHF0.10 is worth CHF 10 000 000 (ten million Swiss francs). Also explain the shareholder rights to subscribe the new share and also point out the board of director power to may limit or withdraw the shareholder right to subscribe for new shares. Article 4 Share certificates; Dematerialised shares This article section has discussed the issue regarding registered shares or certificate. Moreover, it shows that valid certificate must be signed by two boards of directors, in case of cease shareholder have right to demand back the certificate at no cost. Article 5 Share register: This section of article has explained Recoganisation request of shareholder for voting right is based on company Recoganisation furthermore, registered shareholder with voting rights must have account owner and the minimum limit for voting right is more than 5 % of the share also Board of Directors shall announce regulations relating to the registration of nominees to ensure compliance with these Articles of Association. III. Organisation of Nestlà © Article 6 Powers of the General Meeting The firs article of this category has explained the power of General Meeting for instance: The General Meeting of shareholder will discuss the article of association also elect and remove the member of the board and approve the consolidated annual financial report also take all decisions which is by law and or under the articles of Association. Article 7 Annual General Meeting The Annual General Meeting held each year twice after the close of the financial year of Nestlà ©. Article 8 Extraordinary General Meeting 1 Extraordinary General Meetings convened by the Board of Directors on the request of shareholder whose holdings at least one tenth of the share capital. Article 9 Notice of General Meetings; Agenda 1 Extraordinary General Meetings convened by notice in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce with in twenty days before the date fixed also Shareholders may be informed by ordinary mail and allow one or more share holder whose combined represent at least 0.15 % of share capital allow request about the agenda of general meeting and made proposal . Article 10 Presiding officer; Minutes: The secretary of the board kept the minutes of General Meeting also Chairman or any member of the Board of Directors shall pre ­side and carry all procedural powers about General Meeting. Article 11 Voting rights; Proxies This article will explain that each recorded share with voting rights confers one Vote also in General meeting with respect to own shares or represented in excess of 5% shall be counted as one share holder. Article 12 Quorum and decisions This article will discuss about the voting and decision making process for instance duly constituted General Meetings irrespective of the number of shareholders or by the Articles of Association or law, also shareholders elections and resolutions will be decide by the majority of the shares represented. B. Board of Directors Article 14 15 Number of Directors and Term of office The Board of Directors shall consist of at least seven members also board shall be elected for a three years by the General Meeting. Furthermore each year board renewed by rotation also board will establish new order of rotation in the case of increase or decrease of board of director. Article 16 Organisation of the Board; Remuneration This article explains about board of director responsibility for instance the selection of chairman and voice chairmen also define board regulation and assignment of responsibilities. Article 17 Powers of the Board in general This article define the general power of board director can conduct business to the extent that is not within the board regulation or general meeting. Article 18 Specific powers of the Board the section of article define the board of director power for instance the board regulation, accounting and financial control, the appointment of new staff, the ultimate supervision, the preparation of business report , preparation of General meeting also the opening and closing of new and old branch office. Auditors Article 20 21 Number of Auditors; Term of office and Rights and duties of Auditors The auditor shall appoint for a term of one year in General Meeting and will verify the annual financial statement of company and submits this report in the General Meeting. Nestle- Nespresso AAA sustainable quality program Nestle has organised multi-stakeholder Programme in the coffee sector to introduce environmental, social and economical consideration in the supply chain for instance management of raw material from supplier to manufacturer or service provider to customer with improvement of environmental and social impact. Nestle Recent News. Nestlà © to sell remaining Alcon shares to Novartis 04 Jan 2010 Nestlà © S.A. has transfer the Alcon remaining 156,076,263 shares representing around 52% of the companys issued and outstanding share to Novartis, accordance with the contract agreed on 6 April 2008.Moreover, the reason for transfer the control are gradually based on three issues for instance, the divestment of Alcon the initial IPO of 23.25% in 2002, the sale of 24.8% in 2008 and the exercise of the call option by Novartis. Alcon was acquired by Nestlà © in 1977 for USD 280 million. Nestlà © opens global RD Centre to develop new generation of biscuits On 05-Jan-2010 Nestlà © has open a Global RD Center in Santiago de Chile. The New RD Center will help to reduce the sugar and fat level in biscuits also it will include bioactive ingredients and more lighter without compromising the biscuit quality to improve health quality Nestlà © to acquire Kraft Foods frozen pizza business Nestle has showed the agree ness to acquired Kraft food frozen business in the US and Canada on 05-January, 2010 for USD 3.7 billion in cash, the reason for this acquisition is that US is the largest pizza market in the world about 37 billion USD and business includes brands California Pizza, DiGiorno, Tombstone, Jacks and Delissio, therefore this acquisition will provide a strong strategic pillar in the US and Canada where the company already established a leadership in dishes and hand held products such as Lean Cuisine, Buitoni, Lean Pockets, Stouffers and Hot Pockets Consequently on 01 March 2010 after completion of closing conditions Nestlà © has concluded the acquisition of Kraft Foods frozen pizza According to Paul Bulcke, CEO of Nestlà © This acquisition bringing together a selection of great US and Canadian brands and also enhances Nestlà ©s frozen food activities in North America where Nestlà © only had a minor presence until no Brands Nestlà © markets its products in 130 countries across the world Nestlà © manufactures around 10,000 different productsand employs some  250,000 people Nestlà © sells over  a billion products every day Around 3,500 people from  over 50 countries work in  Nestlà ©s worldwide network  of 17 research, development  and product testing centres. The Nestlà © Research Center  in Switzerland is our major  think-tank. Its a constant  source of new ideas and  scientific knowledge that  feeds the pipeline for all  Nestlà © products. It covers over 100 different  professional areas   including nutritional  science, the life sciences,  raw materials, ingredients  and production processes. Appendix No 1: Article of Associations General Article 1 Article 2 Corporate name; registered offices; Duration and Purpose. This category is consisting of two sub category or bias in which they explain company name, company registration and company purpose Share Capital. Article 3 Share capital Article 3bis Conditional share capital. On this section it has been explained the share capital of Nestle which is 100 000 000 registered shares and the value of each is CHF0.10 is worth CHF 10 000 000 (ten million Swiss francs). Also explain the shareholder rights to subscribe the new share and also point out the board of director power to may limit or withdraw the shareholder right to subscribe for new shares. Article 4 Share certificates; Dematerialised shares This article section has discussed the issue regarding registered shares or certificate. Moreover, it shows that valid certificate must be signed by two boards of directors, in case of cease shareholder have right to demand back the certificate at no cost. Article 5 Share register: This section of article has explained Recoganisation request of shareholder for voting right is based on company Recoganisation furthermore, registered shareholder with voting rights must have account owner and the minimum limit for voting right is more than 5 % of the share also Board of Directors shall announce regulations relating to the registration of nominees to ensure compliance with these Articles of Association. III. Organisation of Nestlà © Article 6 Powers of the General Meeting The firs article of this category has explained the power of General Meeting for instance: The General Meeting of shareholder will discuss the article of association also elect and remove the member of the board and approve the consolidated annual financial report also take all decisions which is by law and or under the articles of Association. Article 7 Annual General Meeting The Annual General Meeting held each year twice after the close of the financial year of Nestlà ©. Article 8 Extraordinary General Meeting 1 Extraordinary General Meetings convened by the Board of Directors on the request of shareholder whose holdings at least one tenth of the share capital. Article 9 Notice of General Meetings; Agenda 1 Extraordinary General Meetings convened by notice in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce with in twenty days before the date fixed also Shareholders may be informed by ordinary mail and allow one or more share holder whose combined represent at least 0.15 % of share capital allow request about the agenda of general meeting and made proposal . Article 10 Presiding officer; Minutes: The secretary of the board kept the minutes of General Meeting also Chairman or any member of the Board of Directors shall pre ­side and carry all procedural powers about General Meeting. Article 11 Voting rights; Proxies This article will explain that each recorded share with voting rights confers one Vote also in General meeting with respect to own shares or represented in excess of 5% shall be counted as one share holder. Article 12 Quorum and decisions This article will discuss about the voting and decision making process for instance duly constituted General Meetings irrespective of the number of shareholders or by the Articles of Association or law, also shareholders elections and resolutions will be decide by the majority of the shares represented. Board of Directors Article 14 15 Number of Directors and Term of office The Board of Directors shall consist of at least seven members also board shall be elected for a three years by the General Meeting. Furthermore each year board renewed by rotation also board will establish new order of rotation in the case of increase or decrease of board of director. Article 16 Organisation of the Board; Remuneration This article explains about board of director responsibility for instance the selection of chairman and voice chairmen also define board regulation and assignment of responsibilities. Article 17 Powers of the Board in general This article define the general power of board director can conduct business to the extent that is not within the board regulation or general meeting. Article 18 Specific powers of the Board the section of article define the board of director power for instance the board regulation, accounting and financial control, the appointment of new staff, the ultimate supervision, the preparation of business report , preparation of General meeting also the opening and closing of new and old branch office. Auditors Article 20 21 Number of Auditors; Term of office and Rights and duties of Auditors The auditor shall appoint for a term of one year in General Meeting and will verify the annual financial statement of company and submits this report in the General Meeting. Nestle- Nespresso AAA sustainable quality program Nestle has organised multi-stakeholder Programme in the coffee sector to introduce environmental, social and economical consideration in the supply chain for instance management of raw material from supplier to manufacturer or service provider to customer with improvement of environmental and social impact. Title: Nestle Nespresso AAA sustainable quality program: an investigation into the governance dynamics in a multi-stakeholder supply chain network Author(s): Gabriela Alvarez, Colin Pilbeam, Richard Wilding Journal: Supply Chain Management: An International Journal Year: 2010 Volume: 15   Issue:2   Page: 165 182 DOI: 10.1108/13598541011028769 Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited NOTABLE FACTS Nestle is the top four water bottling companies in the world Moreover Nestle control one third bottled water market in America and sell water under 70 different brands name. Nestle Claims that Bottled water sales contributes to the plastic waste problem on the contrary. Nestlà © has been criticized for its marketing of infant formula in countries where potable water is scare also leading to reduction in breast feeding and increased risk of infants and also repeatedly sued for false advertising of its products and the impacts of its bottled water operations in different communities. according to a 2006 global survey of online consumers by the Reputation Institute, Nestlà © has a reputation score of 70.4 on a scale of 1-100. THE MODE OF INTERNATIONAL OPERATION (Source Nestlà © Fact book, Nestlà ©, 2007) MERGERS ACQUISITIONS Key Dates 1866 Company Founded 1905 Merger between Nestlà © and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company 1929 Merger with Peter, Cailler, Kohler Chocolats Suisses S.A. 1947 Merger with Alimentana S.A. (Maggi) 1969 Vittel (equity interest) 1971 Merger with Ursina-Franck1974LOrà ©al (equity interest) 1977 Acquisition of Alcon (2002: partial IPO) 1985 Acquisition of Carnation 1988 Acquisition of Buitoni-Perugina 1988 Acquisition of Rowntree 1992 Acquisition of Perrier 1998 Acquisitions of San Pellegrino and Spillers Petfoods 2000 Acquisition of PowerBar 2001 Acquisition of Ralston Purina 2002 Acquisition of Schà ¶ller and Chef America 2003 Acquisition of Mà ¶venpick, Powwow and Dreyers 2004 Acquisition of Valio (ice cream activities) 2005 Acquisition of Wagner, Protà ©ika, Musashi JOINT VENTURES Key Dates 1974 LOrà ©al 1981 Galderma (joint venture with LOrà ©al) 1990 Cereal Partners Worldwide (joint venture with General Mills) 1991 Beverage Partners Worldwide (formerly CCNR) (joint venture with Coca Cola) 2002 Dairy Partners Americas (joint venture with Fonterra) Laboratories innà ©ov (joint venture with LOrà ©al) STRATEGIES ADOPTED TO REDUCE POLITICAL, OPERATIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE VULNERABILITIES Corporate Business Principles (International)(Source: Nestlà © Corporate Business Principles Document, Third Edition, September 2004, Nestlà © S.A., Public Affairs. Nestlà © is committed to the following Business Principles in all countries, taking into account local legislation, cultural and religious practices: Nestlà ©s business objective, and that of management and employees at all levels, is to manufacture and market the Companys products in such a way as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for shareholders, employees, consumers, business partners and the large number of national economies in which Nestlà © operates; Nestlà © does not favor short-term profit at the expense of successful long-term business development, but recognizes the need to generate a healthy profit each year in order to maintain the support of our shareholders and the financial markets, and to finance investments; Nestlà © recognizes that its consumers have a sincere and legitimate interest in the behavior, beliefs and actions of the Company behind brands in which they place their trust, and that without its consumers the Company would not exist; Nestlà © believes that, as a general rule, legislation is the most effective safeguard of responsible conduct, although in certain areas, additional guidance to staff in the form of voluntary business principles is beneficial in order to ensure that the highest standards are met throughout the organization; Nestlà © is conscious of the fact that the success of a corporation is a reflection of the professionalism, conduct and the responsible attitude of its management and employees. Therefore recruitment of the right people and ongoing training and development are crucial; Nestlà © operates in many countries and in many cultures throughout the world. This rich diversity is an invaluable source for our leadership. No single document can capture every legal obligation that may be required in each of these countries. Indeed, there may be conflicting legal requirements. Nestlà © continues to maintain its commitment to follow and respect all applicable local laws in each of its markets. If an interpretation of anything contained in Nestlà ©s Corporate Business Principles is construed as contrary to local laws, such interpretation should not be followed in that country. 1. Customer Meeting Consumers Needs: Nestlà © aims to create value that can be sustained over the long term by meeting consumer needs for nutrition, enjoyment, and quality they can trust. Nestlà ©s Communication with consumers is based on the following Basic Principles: Nestlà © consumer communication should reflect moderation in food consumption, and not encourage over-eating. This is especially important regarding children. Wherever possible, we should show children in healthy energetic pursuits and avoid the portrayal of an inactive lifestyle combined with unhealthy dietary patterns. 3. Nestlà © consumer communication must be congruent with healthy, balanced diets. Our advertising must not imply the replacement of meals with indulgence or snack foods, nor encourage heavy snacking. 4. Nestlà © is committed to advertising to children in a way that does not undermine the authority, responsibility, or judgment of parents or care providers. It must not encourage pester power. 5. Nestlà © advertising to children must not portray children in unsafe situations nor encourage them to accept invitations from people they do not know. 6. Nestlà © consumer communication about health benefits of products must have a sound nutritional basis. 7. Nestlà © consumer communication should not exploit violence, bad manners, or profanity. Its content must reflect good taste in a given country and culture. It should not depict attitudes that are discriminatory or offensive to religious, ethnic, political, cultural, or social groups. 8. Nestlà © communications must not show or encourage the consumption of our products in a way that could be considered dangerous. 2. Infant Health and Nutrition When Henri Nestlà © developed his milk food for babies over 130 years ago, it saved the life of a baby who could not be breast-fed. Nestlà ©s invention responded to the need for a nutritionally safe alternative to breast milk. Today, Nestlà © research and development creates high quality infant formula products for use when an alternative to breast milk is needed that is specifically nutritionally adapted. Nestlà © also offers superior complementary (weaning) foods.Henri Nestlà © also insisted that every mother able to breast-feed should do so. This principle is still the cornerstone of Nestlà © policy today, and is in line with the aim of the International  (WHO) Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, which was adopted by the  World Health Assembly  in 1981. The International Code recognizes a legitimate market for breast-milk substitutes and provides recommendations to governments on how its marketing should be regulated. Therefore Nestlà ©:- encourages and supports breastfeeding as the best start in life;  carries out research and development aimed at the constant improvement of infant formula products for use when a safe alternative to breast milk is needed;- ensures that its infant food marketing practices conform strictly to national legislation, regulations, or other measures taken by governments to give effect to the aim and principles of the International Code.In addition, in all developing countries, whether or not their governments have taken action to fully implement the International Code, Nestlà ©:- gives detailed instructions to its staff on how to implement the International Code; provides a summary of its policy for the information of employees and the public in the form of the Nestlà © Instructions, which is transl ated into many languages; regularly conducts training of employees to ensure complete understanding of the Companys responsibilities under the International Code; Company on potential non-compliance with the International Code in a confidential way, outside line management structures. In each country the designated ombudsman investigates and reports alleged violations of the International Code directly to a member of the Nestlà © S.A. Executive Committee at the Companys global headquarters; Nestlà © is a founding member of the  International Association of Infant Food Manufacturers (IFM), which was formed to facilitate industry dialogue with  WHO  and governments, and to encourage responsible marketing standards for the infant food industry Human Rights Nestlà © fully supports the  United Nations Global Compacts  two guiding principles on human rights. Nestlà © therefore: Supports and respects the protection of international human rights within its sphere of influence (Principle 1) and Ensures that its own companies are not complicit in human rights abuses (Principle 2)Nestlà © aims to provide an example of good human rights practices throughout its business activities and has an interest in encouraging the improvement of social conditions, which are an important factor for sustainable development. Nestlà © also recognizes that governments are ultimately responsible for the establishment of a legal framework for protecting human rights within their markets. Nestlà © expects each market to respect and follow the local laws and regulations concerning human rights practices Nestlà © fully supports the  United Nations Global Compacts  four guiding principles on labor. Nestlà © therefore upholds:Freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining (Principle 3) The elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor (Principle 4)The effective abolition of child labor (Principle 5)The elimination of discrimination in respect of employment occupation (Principle 6) Nestlà © also respects the local laws and regulations applicable to human resources in each of its markets. Human Resource Policy is also set by the local markets, which must follow local legal requirements. Nestlà © regards its personnel as its most valuable asset. Involvement at all levels starts with open communication, whether on specific aspects of the business, or about the activities of the Company in general. Suggestions for changes and proposals for improvements of Nestlà ©s practices are encouraged.